260505:1218 chore(node): upgrade to v24.15.0 LTS

- Update Docker base images: node:22-alpine → node:24-alpine
- Add engines.node >=24.0.0 to package.json files
- Create .nvmrc files with 24.15.0
- Update CI workflow to use node-version: 24.15.0
- Fix jest-e2e.json for uuid@13 ES Module compatibility

Validation:
- Backend unit tests: 340/340 passed
- Frontend unit tests: 137/137 passed
- Frontend build: successful (39 static pages)

backend/test/jest-e2e.json

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     "^@database/(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/database/$1",
     "^(\\.{1,2}/.*)\\.js$": "$1"
   },
+  "transformIgnorePatterns": ["node_modules/.pnpm/(?!uuid)"],
   "setupFilesAfterEnv": ["<rootDir>/test/jest-e2e.setup.ts"],
   "testTimeout": 60000,
   "maxWorkers": 1,