260223:1415 20260223 nextJS & nestJS Best pratices

2026-02-23 14:15:06 +07:00
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+# Error Handling
+
+Handle errors gracefully in Next.js applications.
+
+Reference: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/getting-started/error-handling
+
+## Error Boundaries
+
+### `error.tsx`
+
+Catches errors in a route segment and its children:
+
+```tsx
+'use client'
+
+export default function Error({
+  error,
+  reset,
+}: {
+  error: Error & { digest?: string }
+  reset: () => void
+}) {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
+      <button onClick={() => reset()}>Try again</button>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+**Important:** `error.tsx` must be a Client Component.
+
+### `global-error.tsx`
+
+Catches errors in root layout:
+
+```tsx
+'use client'
+
+export default function GlobalError({
+  error,
+  reset,
+}: {
+  error: Error & { digest?: string }
+  reset: () => void
+}) {
+  return (
+    <html>
+      <body>
+        <h2>Something went wrong!</h2>
+        <button onClick={() => reset()}>Try again</button>
+      </body>
+    </html>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+**Important:** Must include `<html>` and `<body>` tags.
+
+## Server Actions: Navigation API Gotcha
+
+**Do NOT wrap navigation APIs in try-catch.** They throw special errors that Next.js handles internally.
+
+Reference: https://nextjs.org/docs/app/api-reference/functions/redirect#behavior
+
+```tsx
+'use server'
+
+import { redirect } from 'next/navigation'
+import { notFound } from 'next/navigation'
+
+// Bad: try-catch catches the navigation "error"
+async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  try {
+    const post = await db.post.create({ ... })
+    redirect(`/posts/${post.id}`)  // This throws!
+  } catch (error) {
+    // redirect() throw is caught here - navigation fails!
+    return { error: 'Failed to create post' }
+  }
+}
+
+// Good: Call navigation APIs outside try-catch
+async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  let post
+  try {
+    post = await db.post.create({ ... })
+  } catch (error) {
+    return { error: 'Failed to create post' }
+  }
+  redirect(`/posts/${post.id}`)  // Outside try-catch
+}
+
+// Good: Re-throw navigation errors
+async function createPost(formData: FormData) {
+  try {
+    const post = await db.post.create({ ... })
+    redirect(`/posts/${post.id}`)
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (error instanceof Error && error.message === 'NEXT_REDIRECT') {
+      throw error  // Re-throw navigation errors
+    }
+    return { error: 'Failed to create post' }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Same applies to:
+- `redirect()` - 307 temporary redirect
+- `permanentRedirect()` - 308 permanent redirect
+- `notFound()` - 404 not found
+- `forbidden()` - 403 forbidden
+- `unauthorized()` - 401 unauthorized
+
+Use `unstable_rethrow()` to re-throw these errors in catch blocks:
+
+```tsx
+import { unstable_rethrow } from 'next/navigation'
+
+async function action() {
+  try {
+    // ...
+    redirect('/success')
+  } catch (error) {
+    unstable_rethrow(error) // Re-throws Next.js internal errors
+    return { error: 'Something went wrong' }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Redirects
+
+```tsx
+import { redirect, permanentRedirect } from 'next/navigation'
+
+// 307 Temporary - use for most cases
+redirect('/new-path')
+
+// 308 Permanent - use for URL migrations (cached by browsers)
+permanentRedirect('/new-url')
+```
+
+## Auth Errors
+
+Trigger auth-related error pages:
+
+```tsx
+import { forbidden, unauthorized } from 'next/navigation'
+
+async function Page() {
+  const session = await getSession()
+
+  if (!session) {
+    unauthorized() // Renders unauthorized.tsx (401)
+  }
+
+  if (!session.hasAccess) {
+    forbidden() // Renders forbidden.tsx (403)
+  }
+
+  return <Dashboard />
+}
+```
+
+Create corresponding error pages:
+
+```tsx
+// app/forbidden.tsx
+export default function Forbidden() {
+  return <div>You don't have access to this resource</div>
+}
+
+// app/unauthorized.tsx
+export default function Unauthorized() {
+  return <div>Please log in to continue</div>
+}
+```
+
+## Not Found
+
+### `not-found.tsx`
+
+Custom 404 page for a route segment:
+
+```tsx
+export default function NotFound() {
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <h2>Not Found</h2>
+      <p>Could not find the requested resource</p>
+    </div>
+  )
+}
+```
+
+### Triggering Not Found
+
+```tsx
+import { notFound } from 'next/navigation'
+
+export default async function Page({ params }: { params: Promise<{ id: string }> }) {
+  const { id } = await params
+  const post = await getPost(id)
+
+  if (!post) {
+    notFound()  // Renders closest not-found.tsx
+  }
+
+  return <div>{post.title}</div>
+}
+```
+
+## Error Hierarchy
+
+Errors bubble up to the nearest error boundary:
+
+```
+app/
+├── error.tsx           # Catches errors from all children
+├── blog/
+│   ├── error.tsx       # Catches errors in /blog/*
+│   └── [slug]/
+│       ├── error.tsx   # Catches errors in /blog/[slug]
+│       └── page.tsx
+└── layout.tsx          # Errors here go to global-error.tsx
+```